Missouri River Breaks Buffalo Gap Trail
Lewis and Clark's nightmare, modern 4x4ers' challenge
This demanding trail follows old cattle drives and Native American routes through the heavily eroded Missouri River breaks north of Pierre, crossing deep coulees and climbing steep ridges that challenged Lewis and Clark’s expedition in 1804. The route includes the notorious Buffalo Gap passage, a narrow slot through crumbling chalk formations that requires precise wheel placement and often forces drivers to stack rocks for tire clearance.
Serious 4WD with low-range gearing and skid plates is mandatory—this isn’t a trail for weekend warriors or stock vehicles. The bentonite clay becomes treacherous when wet, and flash flooding can turn dry washes into torrents within minutes. Plan for spring or fall when temperatures are manageable and afternoon storms less frequent. The reward is genuine wilderness solitude in country that looks unchanged since the frontier era, plus some of the best stargazing in the Great Plains.
Trail Specs
| Difficulty | Difficult |
|---|---|
| Trail Type | Technical 4x4 |
| Surface | Dirt, Rock |
| Features | Historic, Remote, Water Crossings |
| Length (miles) | 47 mi / 75.6 km |
| Duration | 2-3 days |
| Max elevation (ft) | 2400 ft |
| Best season | May-June, September-October |
| Minimum vehicle | 4WD with skid plates required |
| Nearest town | Pierre, SD |
| Land manager | Bureau of Land Management |
| Permit required | No |
| Cell service | None |
| Water crossings | Yes |
| Dispersed camping | Yes |
| Start coordinates | |
| End coordinates | |
| Copy both for Google Maps directionsClick to copy the directions URL · or open it directly in a new tab | |
| Find on Google | Search on Google → |
Location
Trail Conditions
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Frequently asked questions
What kind of clearance do I need for the rock sections?
Minimum 10 inches of ground clearance and rock sliders or heavy skid plates are essential. The technical rock gardens will beat up your undercarriage without proper protection.
Can I run this trail in summer or winter?
Avoid summer (too hot and dusty) and winter (snow/ice makes it dangerous). May-June and September-October offer the best weather and trail conditions.
Do I need permits to camp in the breaks?
No permits required for dispersed camping on BLM land, but follow Leave No Trace principles. Camp 200 feet from water sources and pack out all trash.
What's the gnarliest section I should prepare for?
The descent into the river breaks around mile 15 has loose rock, steep grades, and tight switchbacks. Take your time and use a spotter if you're not confident.
How deep are the water crossings and where should I expect them?
Most crossings are 12-18 inches deep but can vary with recent rains. Expect 3-4 creek crossings in the first half, with the deepest usually around mile 22 near the old homestead ruins.