Hardknott Pass — Lake District Summit Road

Hardknott Pass in Cumbria is the hardest paved road drive in England, full stop. Gradients hit 30 percent, the surface is narrow enough that two small cars cannot pass in most sections, and the drops off the edge are unprotected. At the summit you’re looking across Eskdale toward the Irish Sea to the west and Scafell Pike to the north — on a clear day it’s stunning. The adjacent Roman fort of Mediobogdum (Hardknott Roman Fort) sits right on the shoulder of the pass and is one of the best-preserved Roman military sites in Britain.

Approach from Eskdale in the west if possible — the gradient sequence is easier on the ascent. Coming over from Wrynose Pass to the east and descending into Eskdale is where most brake failures and scraped bumpers happen. Not recommended for long-wheelbase vehicles, large campervans, or anything with an automatic transmission that runs hot. Check conditions in winter — this road closes without ceremony.

England's steepest road. 1-in-3 and no guardrails.