Ogallala Formation Fossil Hunting Trail
Where Nebraska's ancient past surfaces after rain
Box Butte County’s network of ranch roads cuts through exposed Ogallala Formation, where Miocene-era fossils weather out of the sandstone after every thunderstorm. These two-track roads follow section lines across private ranches (with permission) and BLM land, leading to fossil-rich draws where paleontologists have found three-toed horses, giant camels, and saber-toothed cats. The main route follows Pumpkin Creek drainage, where flash floods regularly expose new specimens in the cutbanks.
Moderate difficulty requiring 4WD in wet conditions, as the bentonite clay becomes impassable when saturated. Best hunting is spring through fall after storms. Landowner permission absolutely required for most productive sites. BLM areas require no permits but fossil collection is restricted. This is legitimate scientific territory—the area produces museum-quality specimens that rewrite North American paleontology. Come prepared with GPS, detailed county maps, and respect for private property.
Trail Specs
| Difficulty | Moderate |
|---|---|
| Trail Type | Backcountry |
| Surface | Mixed |
| Features | Historic, Remote, Scenic |
| Length (miles) | 25 mi / 40.2 km |
| Duration | Full day |
| Max elevation (ft) | 4200 ft |
| Best season | April-October |
| Minimum vehicle | Stock 4WD |
| Nearest town | Alliance, Nebraska |
| Land manager | Mixed private/BLM |
| Permit required | No |
| Cell service | Spotty |
| Water crossings | Yes |
| Dispersed camping | Yes |
| Start coordinates | |
| End coordinates | |
| Copy both for Google Maps directionsClick to copy the directions URL · or open it directly in a new tab | |
| Find on Google | Search on Google → |
Location
Trail Conditions
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Frequently asked questions
Can a stock Tacoma handle this trail?
Yes, any stock 4WD vehicle will do fine. The mixed surface includes some rough ranch roads and muddy sections after rain, but nothing requiring aftermarket modifications.
Is the trail accessible in winter?
Not recommended November through March due to snow, ice, and impassable mud conditions. Best fossil hunting happens April through October when weather allows proper drying between rains.
Do I need permits to hunt fossils here?
Yes, you must obtain landowner permission for private sections and follow BLM fossil collection rules for public lands. No commercial collecting allowed without special permits.
What's the toughest part of this trail?
The creek crossings after heavy rain can be muddy and slippery. Some ranch road sections get rutted and rocky, requiring careful tire placement and steady throttle control.
How's cell service for emergencies out there?
Spotty at best - expect long stretches with no service. Download offline maps and carry emergency communication device if traveling solo in this remote area.